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30 Analyzing Spanish Speakers Cordoba Naming Test Performance
- Raymundo Cervantes, Isabel D.C. Munoz, Estefania J. Aguirre, Natalia Lozano Acosta, Mariam Gomez, Adriana C. Cuello, Krissy E. Smith, Diana I. Palacios Mata, Krithika Sivaramakrishnan, Yvette De Jesus, Santiago I. Espinoza, Diana M. R. Maqueda, David J. Hardy, Tara L. Victor, Alberto L. Fernandez, Daniel W. Lopez-Hernandez
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 443-444
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Objective:
A 30-item confrontation naming test was developed in Argentina for Spanish speakers, The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT). The Boston Naming Test is an established confrontation naming task in the United States. Researchers have used the Boston Naming Test to identify individuals with different clinical pathologies (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). The current literature on how Spanish speakers across various countries perform on confrontational naming tasks is limited. To our knowledge, one study investigated CNT performance across three Spanish-speaking countries (i.e., Argentina, Mexico, and Guatemala). Investigators found that the Guatemalan group underperformed on the CNT compared to the Argentine and Mexican groups. The purpose of this study was to extend the current literature and investigate CNT performance across five Spanish-speaking countries (i.e., Argentina, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, United States). We predicted that the Argentine group would outperform the other Spanish-speaking countries.
Participants and Methods:The present study sample consisted of 502 neurologically and psychologically healthy participants with a mean age of 29.06 (SD = 13.41) with 14.75 years of education completed (SD = 3.01). Participants were divided into five different groups based on their country of birth and current country residency (i.e., United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Argentina, & Colombia). All participants consented to voluntary participation and completed the CNT and a comprehensive background questionnaire in Spanish. The CNT consisted of 30 black and white line drawings, ranging from easy to hard in difficulty. An ANCOVA, controlling for gender, education, and age, was used to evaluate CNT performance between the five Spanish-speaking country groups. Meanwhile, a Bonferroni post-hoc test was utilized to evaluate the significant differences between Spanish-speaking groups. We used a threshold of p < .05 for statistical significance.
Results:Results revealed significant group differences between the five Spanish speaking groups on the CNT, p = .000, np2 = .48. Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed that the United States group significantly underperformed on the CNT compared to all the Spanish-speaking groups. Next, we found the Guatemalan group underperformed on the CNT compared to the Argentinian, Mexican, and Colombian groups. Additionally, we found the Argentinian group outperformed the Mexican, Guatemalan, and United States groups on the CNT. No significant differences were found between the Argentinian group and Colombian group or the Mexican group and Colombian group on the CNT.
Conclusions:As predicted, the Argentinian group outperformed all the Spanish-speaking groups on the CNT except the Colombian group. Additionally, we found that the United States group underperformed on the CNT compared to all the Spanish-speaking groups. A possible explanation is that Spanish is not the official language in the United States compared to the rest of the Spanish-speaking groups. Meanwhile, a possible reason why the Argentinian and Colombian groups demonstrated better CNT performances might have been that it was less culturally sensitive than the United States, Mexican, and Guatemalan groups. Further analysis is needed with bigger sample sizes across other Spanish-speaking countries (e.g., Costa Rica, Chile) to evaluate what variables, if any, are influencing CNT performance.
Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with long-term depressive symptoms in Spanish older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome
- Sangeetha Shyam, Carlos Gómez-Martínez, Indira Paz-Graniel, José J. Gaforio, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Montserrat Fitó, J. Alfredo Martínez, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Julia Wärnberg, Jesús Vioque, Dora Romaguera, José López-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Francisco J. Tinahones, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, J. Luís Serra-Majem, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Josep A. Tur, Vicente Martín Sánchez, Xavier Pintó, María Ortiz Ramos, Josep Vidal, Maria Mar Alcarria, Lidia Daimiel, Emilio Ros, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Stephanie K. Nishi, Oscar García Regata, Estefania Toledo, Jose V. Sorli, Olga Castañer, Antonio Garcia-Rios, Rafael Valls-Enguix, Napoleon Perez-Farinos, M. Angeles Zulet, Elena Rayó-Gago, Rosa Casas, Mario Rivera-Izquierdo, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Miguel Damas-Fuentes, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, Rebeca Fernández-Carrion, Albert Goday, Patricia J. Peña-Orihuela, Laura Compañ-Gabucio, Javier Diez-Espino, Susanna Tello, Ana González-Pinto, Víctor de la O, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Nancy Babio, Jordi Salas-Salvadó
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 54 / Issue 3 / February 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 September 2023, pp. 620-630
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Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has serious physiological and psychological consequences. The long-term (>12 weeks post-infection) impact of COVID-19 on mental health, specifically in older adults, is unclear. We longitudinally assessed the association of COVID-19 with depression symptomatology in community-dwelling older adults with metabolic syndrome within the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus cohort.
MethodsParticipants (n = 5486) aged 55–75 years were included in this longitudinal cohort. COVID-19 status (positive/negative) determined by tests (e.g. polymerase chain reaction severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, IgG) was confirmed via event adjudication (410 cases). Pre- and post-COVID-19 depressive symptomatology was ascertained from annual assessments conducted using a validated 21-item Spanish Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models assessed the association between COVID-19 and depression symptomatology.
ResultsCOVID-19 in older adults was associated with higher post-COVID-19 BDI-II scores measured at a median (interquartile range) of 29 (15–40) weeks post-infection [fully adjusted β = 0.65 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–1.15; p = 0.011]. This association was particularly prominent in women (β = 1.38 points, 95% CI 0.44–2.33, p = 0.004). COVID-19 was associated with 62% increased odds of elevated depression risk (BDI-II ≥ 14) post-COVID-19 when adjusted for confounders (odds ratio; 95% CI 1.13–2.30, p = 0.008).
ConclusionsCOVID-19 was associated with long-term depression risk in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, particularly in women. Thus, long-term evaluations of the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and preventive public health initiatives are warranted in older adults.
Do attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms influence treatment outcome in gambling disorder?
- C. Vintró-Alcaraz, G. Mestre-Bach, R. Granero, M. Gómez-Peña, L. Moragas, F. Fernández-Aranda, M. N. Potenza, S. Jiménez-Murcia
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S58-S59
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Introduction
Numerous studies point to the comorbidity between gambling disorder (GD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is a lack of research exploring how ADHD symptoms might influence psychological treatment outcomes for GD.
ObjectivesTherefore, we aimed to explore differences between patients with GD with and without ADHD symptoms regarding psychopathology, personality, sociodemographic and especially treatment outcome measures.
MethodsThis longitudinal study included n=170 patients with GD receiving 16 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in a specialized unit of a public hospital. Multiple self-reported instruments were used to assess GD severity, personality, ADHD and other symptoms and sociodemographic measures prior to treatment.
ResultsA clinical profile characterized by greater GD severity, higher psychopathology and impulsivity, and less adaptive personality features was observed in patients with self-reported ADHD symptoms compared to those without. No significant differences in treatment response (measured by dropout and relapse rates) were reported between the two groups. However, patients with ADHD symptoms described more severe relapses (more money gambled) and GD patients who relapsed scored higher on measures of ADHD, particularly inattention.
ConclusionsIndividuals with GD and ADHD may experience more severe relapses following treatment, suggesting a need for more vigilant follow-up and interventions for patients with this comorbidity.
Disclosure of InterestC. Vintró-Alcaraz: None Declared, G. Mestre-Bach: None Declared, R. Granero: None Declared, M. Gómez-Peña: None Declared, L. Moragas: None Declared, F. Fernández-Aranda Consultant of: Novo Nordisk and editorial honoraria as EIC from Wiley, M. Potenza Consultant of: Opiant Pharmaceuticals, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, AXA, Game Day Data, Baria-Tek and the Addiction Policy Forum; has been involved in a patent application with Yale University and Novartis; has received research support (to Yale) from Mohegan Sun Casino and Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling; and has consulted for and/or advised gambling and legal entities on issues related to impulse-control/addictive disorders, S. Jiménez-Murcia: None Declared
Acute mutism in a young female. A case report of a 20-year-old female who presents a 3-month mutism
- A. Gonzalez-Mota, A. Gonzalez-Gil, C. Martin-Gomez, J. A. Benito-Sanchez, I. M. Peso-Navarro, L. Fernandez-Alonso
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S177-S178
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Introduction
A 20-year-old female presents with a progressive 3-month mutism, hyporexia (20kg weight loss), abulia, anhedonia, apathy, social isolation,seeking company of her parents even at night, bradypsychia, sialorrhea, psychomotor slowdown and hypomimia. She is hospitalized in the Psychiatric Brief Hospitalization Unit (PBHU).Her parents relate the beginning of this symptomatology to a breakup and gender violence,which the patient confirms during the interview by eye/cephalic movements and single words jotted down.
ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to describe the evolution of the patient during her hospitalization in the PBHU of Salamanca and to look into the available bibliography about mutism related to stress and sialorrhea.
MethodsWe carried out a follow-up of the hospitalization of the patient and a structured search in PubMed with the keywords “mutism”,“sialorrhea” and “stress” in the last 10 years in English,Spanish and French.
ResultsFew or no articles where found.Therefore, the articles about mutism and stress were analyzed, which focused mostly in selective mutism. Regarding fear,the response to cope with the threat(fight, flight, freeze) is mediated by the autonomic system. The “Polyvagal Theory” speaks about the vagus nerve participating in emotion regulation (social communication and mobilization). Dissociation, in this context,has adaptive and defensive purposes and its threshold can be reduced by repeated stress situations.Long-term alteration of the autonomic nervous system has been described in selective mutism.This malfunction can be related to an elevated production of saliva due to the activation of the parasympathetic in the salivary glands, causing sialorrhea in our patient.
The patient began treatment with sertraline 100mg and risperidone 2mg with the aim of its antidepressive and major tranquilizer effects, she also began individual and family psychotherapy, we assured her sleep and intakes and she began to progressively recover her speech and mobility,identifying a possible trigger for the symptomatology: a physical beating of gender violence after her breakup.
ConclusionsDissociation and “freeze” response can be a maladaptative mechanism to fear.The malfunction of the autonomic nervous system can explain the disconnection,poor gaze,low facial and body expression and inability to speak.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Psychosomatic symptoms according to psychiatric diagnosis
- R. Fernández Fernández, L. Fontecha Banegas, C. Suárez Pérez, D. Gómez Olmeda, I. D. L. M. Santos Carrasco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S299
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Introduction
Psychosomatic symptoms are an important problem that is frequently presented in medical consultations. These symptoms are often associated with psychiatric disorders, especially depressive and anxiety disorders.
ObjectivesTo study the association between anxiety disorders and psychosomatic symptoms in a sample of patients referred for pathology of functional origin.
MethodsWe made a descriptive retrospective study through the use of electronic medical records. The symptom onset and diagnosis were obtained for all patients referred to outpatients for psychosomatic symptoms during a 1-year period. We performed χ² Tests to assess the association of the diagnosis with the occurrence of psychosomatic symptoms.
ResultsThe only diagnosis that presented statistically significant association was anxiety disorder (χ² = 11.1; p<0.001).
Anxiety disorder Psychosomatic symptoms No Si Total No Observed 312 7 319 Expected 306 13.47 319 Yes Observed 119 12 131 Expected 125 5.53 131 Total Observed 431 19 450 Expected 431 19 450 ConclusionsOur study finds results that follow the line of other studies that show this association, such as Campo’s study which finds that functional somatic symptoms are consistently associated cross-sectionally with anxiety and depressive symptoms (Campo, 2012) or Imran’s study which finds that higher levels of somatization independently and significantly predicted higher anxiety (β=.37, p=.0001) (Imran et al., 2013). However, our results show no association with depressive disorders whereas frequent associations are found in the literature; for example, a recent meta-analysis found that neuroticism and depression had the strongest influence on the association of medically unexplained physical symptoms and frequent healthcare use (den Boeft et al., 2016). This lack of association is probably due to greater ease in identifying depressive disorders as the main pathology versus anxiety disorders.
ReferencesCampo J. V. (2012). Annual research review: functional somatic symptoms and associated anxiety and depression--developmental psychopathology in pediatric practice. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 53(5), 575–592. den Boeft, M., Twisk, J. W., Terluin, B., Penninx, B. W., van Marwijk, H. W., Numans, M. E., van der Wouden, J. C., & van der Horst, H. E. (2016). The association between medically unexplained physical symptoms and health care use over two years and the influence of depressive and anxiety disorders and personality traits: a longitudinal study. BMC health services research, 16, 100
Imran, N., Ani, C., Mahmood, Z., Hassan, K. A., & Bhatti, M. R. (2014). Anxiety and depression predicted by medically unexplained symptoms in Pakistani children: a case-control study. Journal of psychosomatic research, 76(2), 105–112.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
(Epi)genetic control of secondary seed dormancy depth and germination in Capsella bursa-pastoris
- Sara Gomez-Cabellos, Peter E. Toorop, Eduardo Fernández-Pascual, Pietro P. M. Iannetta, Hugh W. Pritchard, Anne M. Visscher
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- Seed Science Research / Volume 32 / Issue 4 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 November 2022, pp. 200-221
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Despite the importance of secondary dormancy for plant life cycle timing and survival, there is insufficient knowledge about the (epigenetic) regulation of this trait at the molecular level. Our aim was to determine the role of (epi)genetic processes in the regulation of secondary seed dormancy using natural genotypes of the widely distributed Capsella bursa-pastoris. Seeds of nine ecotypes were exposed to control conditions or histone deacetylase inhibitors [trichostatin A (TSA), valproic acid] during imbibition to study the effects of hyper-acetylation on secondary seed dormancy induction and germination. Valproic acid increased secondary dormancy and both compounds caused a delay of t50 for germination (radicle emergence) but not of t50 for testa rupture, demonstrating that they reduced speed of germination. Transcriptome analysis of one accession exposed to valproic acid versus water showed mixed regulation of ABA, negative regulation of GAs, BRs and auxins, as well as up-regulation of SNL genes, which might explain the observed delay in germination and increase in secondary dormancy. In addition, two accessions differing in secondary dormancy depth (deep vs non-deep) were studied using RNA-seq to reveal the potential regulatory processes underlying this trait. Phytohormone synthesis or signalling was generally up-regulated for ABA (e.g. NCED6, NCED2, ABCG40, ABI3) and down-regulated for GAs (GA20ox1, GA20ox2, bHLH93), ethylene (ACO1, ERF4-LIKE, ERF105, ERF109-LIKE), BRs (BIA1, CYP708A2-LIKE, probable WRKY46, BAK1, BEN1, BES1, BRI1) and auxin (GH3.3, GH3.6, ABCB19, TGG4, AUX1, PIN6, WAT1). Epigenetic candidates for variation in secondary dormancy depth include SNL genes, histone deacetylases and associated genes (HDA14, HDA6-LIKE, HDA-LIKE, ING2, JMJ30), as well as sequences linked to histone acetyltransferases (bZIP11, ARID1A-LIKE), or to gene silencing through histone methylation (SUVH7, SUVH9, CLF). Together, these results show that phytohormones and epigenetic regulation play an important role in controlling differences in secondary dormancy depth between accessions.
Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial
- Naomi Cano-Ibáñez, Lluis Serra-Majem, Sandra Martín-Peláez, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Dolores Corella, Camille Lassale, Jose Alfredo Martínez, Ángel M Alonso-Gómez, Julia Wärnberg, Jesús Vioque, Dora Romaguera, José López-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Ana María Gómez-Pérez, José Lapetra, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Josep A Tur, Naiara Cubelos, Xavier Pintó, José Juan Gaforio, Pilar Matía-Martín, Josep Vidal, Cristina Calderón, Lidia Daimiel, Emilio Ros, Alfredo Gea, Nancy Babio, Ignacio Manuel Gimenez-Alba, María Dolores Zomeño-Fajardo, Itziar Abete, Lucas Tojal Sierra, Rita P Romero-Galisteo, Manoli García de la Hera, Marian Martín-Padillo, Antonio García-Ríos, Rosa M Casas, JC Fernández-García, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, Estefanía Toledo, Nerea Becerra-Tomas, Jose V Sorli, Helmut Schröder, María A Zulet, Carolina Sorto-Sánchez, Javier Diez-Espino, Carlos Gómez-Martínez, Montse Fitó, Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 26 / Issue 3 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2022, pp. 598-610
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Objective:
To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) associations between dietary diversity (DD) and depressive symptoms.
Design:An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed using a validated FFQ and was categorised into quartiles (Q). The variety in each food group was classified into four categories of diversity (C). Depressive symptoms were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck II) questionnaire and depression cases defined as physician-diagnosed or Beck II >= 18. Linear and logistic regression models were used.
Setting:Spanish older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Participants:A total of 6625 adults aged 55–75 years from the PREDIMED-Plus study with overweight or obesity and MetS.
Results:Total DDS was inversely and statistically significantly associated with depression in the cross-sectional analysis conducted; OR Q4 v. Q1 = 0·76 (95 % CI (0·64, 0·90)). This was driven by high diversity compared to low diversity (C3 v. C1) of vegetables (OR = 0·75, 95 % CI (0·57, 0·93)), cereals (OR = 0·72 (95 % CI (0·56, 0·94)) and proteins (OR = 0·27, 95 % CI (0·11, 0·62)). In the longitudinal analysis, there was no significant association between the baseline DDS and changes in depressive symptoms after 2 years of follow-up, except for DD in vegetables C4 v. C1 = (β = 0·70, 95 % CI (0·05, 1·35)).
Conclusions:According to our results, DD is inversely associated with depressive symptoms, but eating more diverse does not seem to reduce the risk of future depression. Additional longitudinal studies (with longer follow-up) are needed to confirm these findings.
Association between the Prime Diet Quality Score and depressive symptoms in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome. Cross-sectional and 2-year follow-up assessment from PREDIMED-PLUS study
- Naomi Cano-Ibáñez, Lluis Serra-Majem, Sandra Martín-Peláez, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Maria Dolores Corella Piquer, Camille Lassale, José Alfredo Martínez Hernandez, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Julia Wärnberg, Jesús Vioque Lopez, Dora Romaguera, José López-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Ana María Gómez-Pérez, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Josep A. Tur, Vicente Martín, Xavier Pintó Sala, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Pilar Matía Martín, Josep Vidal, Jersy J. Cárdenas, Lidia Daimiel Ruiz, Emilio Ros, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, Nerea Becerra-Tomás, Carmen Saiz, Miguel-Ángel Muñoz-Perez, Itziar Abete, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Olga Fernández-Barceló, Andrea Bernabé-Casanova, Jadwiga Konieczna, Antonio García-Ríos, Rosa Casas, Maria Rosa Bernal-López, José Lapetra, Estefanía Toledo, Carlos Gómez-Martínez, Oscar Coltell, Mireia Malcampo-Manrúbia, María Angeles Zulet, Carolina Sorto-Sánchez, Alfredo Gea, José Luis Hernández-Fleta, Olga Castañer Niño, Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 128 / Issue 6 / 28 September 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 October 2021, pp. 1170-1179
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- 28 September 2022
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The burden of depression is increasing worldwide, specifically in older adults. Unhealthy dietary patterns may partly explain this phenomenon. In the Spanish PREDIMED-Plus study, we explored (1) the cross-sectional association between the adherence to the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), an a priori-defined high-quality food pattern, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms at baseline (cross-sectional analysis) and (2) the prospective association of baseline PDQS with changes in depressive symptomatology after 2 years of follow-up. After exclusions, we assessed 6612 participants in the cross-sectional analysis and 5523 participants in the prospective analysis. An energy-adjusted high-quality dietary score (PDQS) was assessed using a validated FFQ. The cross-sectional association between PDQS and the prevalence of depression or presence of depressive symptoms and the prospective changes in depressive symptoms were evaluated through multivariable regression models (logistic and linear models and mixed linear-effects models). PDQS was inversely associated with depressive status in the cross-sectional analysis. Participants in the highest quintile of PDQS (Q5) showed a significantly reduced odds of depression prevalence as compared to participants in the lowest quartile of PDQS (Q1) (OR (95 %) CI = 0·82 (0·68, 0·98))). The baseline prevalence of depression decreased across PDQS quintiles (Pfor trend = 0·015). A statistically significant association between PDQS and changes in depressive symptoms after 2-years follow-up was found (β (95 %) CI = −0·67 z-score (–1·17, −0·18). A higher PDQS was cross-sectionally related to a lower depressive status. Nevertheless, the null finding in our prospective analysis raises the possibility of reverse causality. Further prospective investigation is required to ascertain the association between PDQS and changes in depressive symptoms along time.
Gambling activity in the old-age general population
- Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez, Roser Granero, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Teresa Mena-Moreno, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Mónica Gómez-Peña, Laura Moragas, Neus Aymamí, Isabelle Giroux, Marie Grall-Bronnec, Anne Sauvaget, Ester Codina, Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz, María Lozano-Madrid, Zaida Agüera, Jéssica Sánchez-González, Gemma Casalé, Isabel Baenas, Isabel Sánchez, Hibai López-González, José M. Menchón, Susana Jiménez-Murcia
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- Journal:
- Ageing & Society / Volume 42 / Issue 12 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2021, pp. 2757-2783
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- December 2022
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Old age constitutes a vulnerable stage for developing gambling-related problems. The aims of the study were to identify patterns of gambling habits in elderly participants from the general population, and to assess socio-demographic and clinical variables related to the severity of the gambling behaviours. The sample included N = 361 participants aged in the 50–90 years range. A broad assessment included socio-demographic variables, gambling profile and psychopathological state. The percentage of participants who reported an absence of gambling activities was 35.5 per cent, while 46.0 per cent reported only non-strategic gambling, 2.2 per cent only strategic gambling and 16.3 per cent both non-strategic plus strategic gambling. Gambling form with highest prevalence was lotteries (60.4%), followed by pools (13.9%) and bingo (11.9%). The prevalence of gambling disorder was 1.4 per cent, and 8.0 per cent of participants were at a problematic gambling level. Onset of gambling activities was younger for men, and male participants also reached a higher mean for the bets per gambling-episode and the number of total gambling activities. Risk factors for gambling severity in the sample were not being born in Spain and a higher number of cumulative lifetime life events, and gambling severity was associated with a higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol abuse and with worse psychopathological state. Results are particularly useful for the development of reliable screening tools and for the design of effective prevention programmes.
Contribution of stressful life events to gambling activity in older age
- Roser Granero, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez, Teresa Mena-Moreno, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Mónica Gómez-Peña, Laura Moragas, Neus Aymamí, Isabelle Giroux, Marie Grall-Bronnec, Anne Sauvaget, Ester Codina, Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz, María Lozano-Madrid, Marco Camozzi, Zaida Agüera, Jéssica Sánchez-González, Gemma Casalé-Salayet, Isabel Sánchez, Hibai López-González, Isabel Baenas, José M. Menchón
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- Journal:
- Ageing & Society / Volume 42 / Issue 7 / July 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 November 2020, pp. 1513-1537
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- July 2022
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Older subjects are susceptible to develop gambling problems, and researchers have attempted to assess the mechanisms underlying the gambling profile in later life. The objective of this study was to identify the main stressful life events (SLE) across the lifespan which have discriminative capacity for detecting the presence of gambling disorder (GD) in older adults. Data from two independent samples of individuals aged 50+ were analysed: N = 47 patients seeking treatment at a Pathological Gambling Outpatient Unit and N = 361 participants recruited from the general population. Sexual problems (p < 0.001), exposure to domestic violent behaviour (p < 0.001), severe financial problems (p = 0.002), alcohol or drug-related problems (p = 0.004) and extramarital sex (p < 0.001) were related to a higher risk of GD, while getting married (p = 0.005), moving to a new home (p = 0.003) and moving to a new city (p = 0.006) decreased the likelihood of disordered gambling. The accumulated number of SLE was not a predictor of the presence of GD (p = 0.732), but patients who met clinical criteria for GD reported higher concurrence of SLE in time than control individuals (p < 0.001). Empirical research highlights the need to include older age groups in evidence-based policies for gambling prevention, because these individuals are at high risk of onset and/or progression of behavioural addiction-related problems such as GD. The results of this study may be useful for developing reliable screening/diagnostic tools and for planning effective early intervention programmes aimed to reduce the harm related to the onset and evolution of problem gambling in older adults.
Lockdown measures and relative changes in the age-specific incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain
- P.M. De Salazar, D. Gómez-Barroso, D. Pampaka, J.M. Gil, B. Peñalver, C. Fernández-Escobar, M. Lipsitch, A. Larrauri, E. Goldstein, M.A. Hernán
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 148 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 October 2020, e268
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During the first months of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in 2020, Spain implemented an initial lockdown period on 15 March followed by a strengthened lockdown period on 30 March when only essential workers continued to commute to work. However, little is known about the epidemic dynamics in different age groups during these periods.
We used the daily number of coronavirus 2019 cases (by date of symptom onset) reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network among individuals aged 15–19 years through 65–69 years. For each age group g, we computed the proportion PrE(g) of individuals in age group g among all reported cases aged 15–69 years during the pre-lockdown period (1−10 March 2020) and the corresponding proportion PrL(g) during two lockdown periods (initial: 25 March−3 April; strengthened: 8–17 April 2020). For each lockdown period, we computed the proportion ratios PR(g) = PrL(g)/PrE(g). For each pair of age groups g1, g2, PR(g1)>PR(g2) implies a relative increase in the incidence of detected SARS-CoV-2 infection in the age group g1 compared with g2 for the lockdown period vs. the pre-lockdown period.
For the initial lockdown period, the highest PR values were in age groups 50–54 years (PR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12,1.30) and 55–59 years (PR = 1.19; 1.11,1.27). For the second lockdown period, the highest PR values were in age groups 15–19 years (PR = 1.26; 0.95,1.68) and 50–54 years (PR = 1.20; 1.09,1.31).
Our results suggest that different outbreak control measures led to different changes in the relative incidence by age group. During the initial lockdown period, when non-essential work was allowed, individuals aged 40–64 years, particularly those aged 50–59 years, had a higher relative incidence compared with the pre-lockdown period. Younger adults/older adolescents had an increased relative incidence during the later, strengthened lockdown. The role of different age groups during the epidemic should be considered when implementing future mitigation efforts.
Mental health care adherence in delusional disorder
- M. Machín Vazquez-Illá, J.C. Pelaez Álvarez, A. Carrillo Gómez, M. Pereira Fernández, C.L. Sánchez-Espósito
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 1732
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Introduction
Delusional disorder, also known as paranoia, is a low prevalence psychotic disorder in our environement. Usually, patients who have this disorder are very difficult to treat adequately besides its poor adherence to medical treatment, and the ineffectiveness of some therapies are well documented.
ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to describe clinical, socio-demographic and pharmacological variables among a large stable sample in the community, and quantify the association between these variables and mental health care adherence.
MethodsHospital Clinico San Carlos Hospital covers three local health areas; the sample was taken from one of them, wich provides health care to 268,000 people, approximately.We identified 130 out-patients with delusional disorder, but only 90 of these fulfilled DSM IV criteria. We recorded socio-demographic, clinical, pharmacological and legal data from 71 medical history patients. We also included number of visits and number of times patients didn't attend to an appointment among the total in one year. We defined mental health care adherence as good, irregular, or abandoned, in relation to missed appointments.
ResultsDelusional disorder incidence was 1,6 per 100,000 habitants, with a prevalence of 36 per 100,000 habitants, according to other studies results. Among all treatments, risperidone was the most prescribes neuroleptic. We found association almost significant between tratment with benzodiacepinesn and good adherence (x2 = 0,059).
ConclusionsThese results give as a more realistic view of delusional disorder in our enviroment, and let us to reconsider aspects of mental health care adherence and a posible association with benzodiazepine treatment.
The evolution in the nosological conception of the ganser syndrom
- B. Jiménez Gómez, E. Chapela Herrero, M. Navas Tejedor, S. Fernández Rojo, F. Mora Minguez, E. Barbudo del Cura, J.Q. Gutierrez del Álamo
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 1204
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The Ganser syndrome has been evolving more in terms of the nosological conception than in relation to its clinic characteristics, with the hypothesis of a hysterical etipopathogenesis in conflict with the psychotic etiopathogenesis, the malingering, and the factitious disorders, adding the possibility of predisposing organic damage underneath.
In DSM-III, it was considered as a factitious disorder with psychotic symptoms, and since the DSM-III-R it is included as a Dissociative Disorder NOS.
We show in a table similarities and differences between Ganser Syndrome and factitious and malingering disorders, the disorders most commonly mistaken with Ganser Syndrome.
P0086 - Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of a Spanish translation of a measure of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling
- S. Jimenez-Murcia, R. Stinchfield, E. Alvarez-Moya, N. Jaurrieta, B. Bueno, R. Granero, N.M. Aymami, M. Gomez-Pena, R. Gimenez-Martinez, F. Fernandez-Aranda, J. Vallejo
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 23 / Issue S2 / April 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, pp. S327-S328
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The aim of this study was to measure the reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of a Spanish translation of a measure of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for Pathological Gambling. Participants were 263 male and 23 female patients seeking treatment for pathological gambling and a matched non-psychiatric control sample of 259 men and 24 women. A Spanish translation of a 19-item measure of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for Pathological Gambling was administered along with other validity measures. The DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were found to be reliable with an internal consistency coefficient alpha of .95 in the combined sample. Evidence of satisfactory convergent validity included moderate to high correlations with other measures of problem gambling. Using the standard DSM-IV cut-score of five, the ten criteria were found to yield satisfactory classification accuracy results with a high hit rate (.95), high sensitivity (.92), high specificity (.99), low false positive (.01), and low false negative rate (.08). Lowering the cut score to four resulted in modest improvements in classification accuracy and reduced the false negative rate from .08 to .05. The Spanish translation of a measure of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for Pathological Gambling demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and a cut score of four improved diagnostic precision.
Possible Use of Paliperidone Palmitate in Ketamine Addiction.
- L. Pérez Gómez, M. González Martínez, A. González Fernández, M.J. Merino García, D.F. Frías Ortiz, C.M. Rodríguez Mercado, G. Gutiérrez Vázquez
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Ketamine is an anesthetic, blocker or antagonist of NMDA receptors, commonly used in veterinary medicine. Ketamine is also a 'club drug”, an hallucinogen and a dissociative drug used for recreation. The continued consumption leads to tolerance and dependence, in addition to cognitive and psychiatric disorders. The abuse and dependence on ketamine requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining medical, psychological aspects and social support. Its pharmacotherapy is not yet established.
ObjectivesAnalyze the utility of paliperidone palmitate in the treatment of ketamine dependence through a clinical report.
Aims and methodsWe report the case of a 38-year-old man diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Multi-drug consumer with serious ketamine addiction up to 5-6 g/day and a ketamine-induced cystopathy at risk of losing his bladder. History of various admissions to the psychiatric unit and hospital detoxification unit without success. Last year starts treatment with paliperidone palmitate in increasing doses from 75 to 150 mg combined with bupropion in high doses with clinical improvement and ketamine withdrawl.
ResultsFrom the start of treatment the patient is abstinent of ketamine. Impulsivity and dysphoria have improved and suicide ideation has gone. Subjective assessment of treatment is very good.
ConclusionsTreatment for ketamine addiction is a multidisciplinary issue. Pharmacotherapy is not well defined but Paliperidone palmitate may be useful in drug dose-reduction and maintaining abstinence.
EPA-0768 – Validation of the Personality and Life Event (PLE) Scale in a Spanish Population
- P. Artieda-Urrutia, J.M. Garcia-Vega, N. Berenguer-Elias, C. Rodriguez-Lomas, M. Fernandez-Rodriguez, I. Gonzalez-Villalobos, M. Martin-Garcia, R. Blanco-Fernández, D. Delgado-Gomez, H. Blasco-Fontecilla
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction:
There is a lack of accurate screening tools for suicide risk in the patients presenting to emergency departments. The Personality and Life Event (PLE) Scale, a set of the 27 most discriminative items from a collection of questionnaires usually employed in the assessment of suicidal behavior, demostrated an elevated accuracy, sensibility, and specificity in classifying suicide attempters.
Objectives:To validate the self-administered PLE Scale.
Material and methods:In order to examine its psychometric properties, the PLE scale was administered to 59 suicide attempters, 48 psychiatric controls, and 69 medical patients attending the Puerta de Hierro emergency department. To examine its reliability, we used: 1) Cronbach's coefficient α to evaluate the internal consistency; 2) test-retest reliability to assess if the scale is stable over time. Interrater reliability is not relevant as the PLE is a self-report. To assess its construct validity, we used some of Beck's Suicide Intent Scale (SIS). All analyses were carried out using SPSS v.20 (Macintosh).
Results:The most frequent criteria for suicide attempters were item 4 (‘I often feel empty inside’; 88.1%) and 20 (‘I act on impulse’; 79,7%). Mean (± SD) of the PLE Scale in suicide attempters, psychiatric controls, and medical controls was 74.49 (± 32.44), 57.19 (± 29.63), and 17.48 (± 21.15), respectively. The PLE had an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =0,674).
Conclusions:Our preliminary findings support the reliability, construct validity, and ussefulness of the PLE to identify suicide attempters to those attending to emergency departments.
EPA-1748 – Latent Aggressiveness and Sadism. a Study Focused on the Influence of Personality Types on the Modus Operandi Fantasy
- F.J. De Santiago Herrero, M.M. Garcõa-Mateos, R.A. Salas Muriel, C. Cabeza Peribañez, S.I. Perez Armas, M. Rastrojo Gomez, I. Alvarez Fernandez
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Fantasies, despite their constant presence in the human being, are a phenomenon which has a scarce interest in academic psychology (Kinsey y cols, 1948; 1953). Unlike sexual fantasies, where there are systematized studies from the 1940s, in relation to latent aggressiveness there is an important vacuum.
Aim and objectivesThis study will try to throw evidences about the relation between different types of personality and the level of sadism and/or latent aggressiveness that prevails in each one of them, as well as the modus operandi that can be attributed to them. It also aims at check the evolution of the latent aggressiveness in relation to age.
MethodsHave been applied in the evaluation of the sadistic fantasies and aggressiveness the test MCMI (Millon, 1983), the test MACI and the Questionnaire of Sadism and Criminality (CSyC, 2013) which allows to predict certain criminal behaviors as well as know their modus operandi if they are carried out. The sample was formed by a group of adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years old and another group of adults from 40.
ResultsLatent aggressiveness levels seem to point a normal curve, being established the maximum peak in adolescence. Further, the qualitative study reflects relations between certain psychopathological profiles of personality and particular modus operandi.
ConclusionsThe results of this study show the evolution of the levels of sadistic fantasies according to the age and the role that personality has in different criminal acts.
Polydipsia and intermittent hyponatremia
- S. Ramos-Perdigues, M.J. Gordillo, C. Caballero, S. Latorre, S.V. Boned, G. Miriam, P. Torres, M. De Almuedo, M.T. Sanchez, E. Contreras, E. Gomez, E. Sanchez, M. Segura, C. Torres, G. Gemma, M. Tur, A. Fernandez, C. Merino
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. s502
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Introduction
Hyponatraemia occurs in 4% of schizophrenic patients. Dilutional hyponatraemia, due to inappropriate retention of water and excretion of sodium, occurs with different psychotropic medications and could lead to hippocampal dysfunction. This complication is usually asymptomatic but can cause severe problems, as lethargy and confusion, difficult to diagnose in mentally ill patients.
ObjectivesTo describe a case of a patient with psychotropic poli-therapy, admitted three times due to hyponatremia and the pharmacological changes that improved his condition.
AimsTo broadcast the intermittent hyponatraemia and polydipsia (PIP), a not rare condition, suffered by treated schizophrenic patients and discuss its physiopathology and treatment thorough a case report.
MethodsA 56-year schizophrenic male was admitted for presenting disorganized behavior, agitation, auditory hallucinations, disorientation, ataxia, vomits and urinary retention. He was on clomipramine, haloperidol and clotiapine (recently added), quetiapine, fluphenazine and clonazepam. After water restriction his symptoms improved and he was discharged. Twenty-five days later, he was readmitted for presenting the same symptoms and after water restriction, he was discharged. Five days later, he was again admitted and transferred to the psychiatric ward.
ResultsHaloperidol, fluphenazine and clomipramine were replaced by clozapine. These changes lead him to normalize the hypoosmolality and reduce his water-voracity. Endocrinology team did not label this episode of SIADH due to its borderline blood and urine parameters.
ConclusionsHyponatremia is frequent in schizophrenic patients and may have severe consequences. Therefore, a prompt recognition and treatment is warranted.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Plasma Concentrations Of Endocannabinoids And Congeners In a Primary Care Sample Of Depressed Patients: Influence Of Biological Variables, Severity And Antidepressant Medication
- P. Romero-Sanchiz, R. Nogueira-Arjona, F. Mayoral-Cleríes, F. Rivas-Guerrero, P. Araos-Gómez, M. Pedraz-Fernández, A. Serrano-Criado, F.J. Pavón-Morón, R. De la Torre-Fornell, A. Pastor-Bosch, F. Rodríguez de Fonseca
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. S422-S423
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Introduction
Endocannabinoid system has been highlighted as one of the most relevant research topics by neurobiologists, pharmacists, basic scientists and clinicians. The association between endocannabinoids and its congeners and mood disorders is relatively recent. However, evidence from both clinical and preclinical studies is increasing and many researchers point out endocannabinoid system and particularly endocannabinoids and congeners as promising pharmacological targets.
Aims and objectivesThe main objective of this study is to compare the plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and congeners between a sample of patients with depression and a sample of control subjects, and the influence of variables such as age, body mass index, gender, severity of symptoms, and antidepressant medication.
MethodPlasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and congeners will be analyzed in 69 patients with depression from primary care and 47 controls using mass spectrometry analysis.
ResultsStatistically significant differences in 2-arachidonoylglycerol and monoacylglycerols were found between both samples. Somatic symptoms of depression seems to be more related to these compounds that to cognitive-affective symptoms. In addition, differences between mildly and moderately depressed patients were found in concentrations of AEA, LEA, DGLEA and POEA. Patients with antidepressant medication showed higher levels of 2-AG, DGLEA and OEA.
ConclusionsThe results of this study provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that in depression there is a dysregulation of the inflammatory signaling and, consequently the immune system. The results of this study could also support the realization of translational research to better understand the mechanisms of this widely distributed system.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Differences in plasma concentration of acylethanolanydes and acylglycerols in paired samples of bipolar patients and first- and second-degree relatives
- P. Romero-Sanchiz, J. Guzman-Parra, F. Mayoral-Cleríes, F. Rivas-Guerrero, P. Araos-Gómez, M. Pedraz-Fernández, A. Serrano-Criado, F.J. Pavón-Morón, R. De la Torre-Fornell, A. Pastor-Bosch, F. Rodríguez de Fonseca
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S340
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Introduction
Endocannabinoid System (ECS) has been highlighted as one of the most relevant research topics by neurobiologists, pharmacists, basic scientists and clinicians (Skaper and Di Marzo, 2012). Recent work has associated major depressive disorder with the ECS (Ashton and Moore, 2011). Despite the close relationship between depression and bipolar disorders, as far as we know, there is no characterization of ECS and congeners in a sample of patients with bipolar disorders.
Aims and objectivesThe objective of this work is to characterize the plasma levels of endocannabinoids and congeners in a sample of patients with bipolar disorders.
MethodThe clinical group was composed by 19 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorders using SCID-IV (First et al., 1999). The control group was formed by 18 relatives of first- or second-degree of the patients.
The following endocannabinoids and congeners were quantified: N-palmitoleoylethanolamide (POEA), N-palmitolylethanolamide (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA), N-stearoylethanolamide (SEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), N-dihomo-γ-linolenoylethanolamide (DGLEA), N-docosatetraenoylethanolamide (DEA), N-linoleoylethanolamide (LEA), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 2-linoleoylglycerol (2-LG), and 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG).
ResultsThe result showed statistically significant lower levels of AEA, DEA and DHEA in clinical sample. Previous research also identified lower levels of AEA in depressed women (Hill et al., 2008, 2009). Until date, it is unknown if DEA and DHEA have some effect on EC receptors, and whether they have some direct effects on endocannabinoids.
ConclusionsIt would be necessary to carry our other research with a larger sample, which could allow the control of potential confounding variables.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.